How to Fix Heating & Air Conditioning Issues
Your HVAC system is the foundation of keeping your home cool in the summer and toasty in the winter. A broken or malfunctioning system can leave you out in the cold, and you want answers fast. Some problems are easy to fix on your own, while more serious ones require professional help from an experienced HVAC technician.
If your AC or heater is not working, Semper Fi Heating & Cooling is here to help. We’ll go over common HVAC issues, how to fix your heating and air conditioning at home, and when it’s time to call in a professional HVAC company like us.
Common Reasons Your Heating or AC Is Not Working
Dealing with a malfunctioning HVAC system is frustrating, and the first step to solving it is determining the root problem. Once you know what’s going on, you can create a plan to fix it. Some of the most common causes for your HVAC not working properly include:
Power Issues
This may seem obvious, but your HVAC system needs power to run properly. The first step of troubleshooting your system is to check if it has adequate power. Something may have tripped the breaker in your home and cut power to the system, so look to check if this is the case. Also, take a look at your home’s fuse box and replace any blown fuses you find.
The other thing to check is the emergency shut-off switch. Make sure it’s in the “on” position and your HVAC system is getting adequate power.
Thermostat Issues
The thermostat is the brain of your heating and air conditioning, and it tells the system what to run and when to run it. Check that your thermostat is in the proper setting for what you need, whether that’s heating or cooling. You can also replace the batteries in the thermostat and make sure the wiring inside is secure and properly connected.
If your thermostat is in an area with a draft or direct sunlight, this can throw off the reading and cause your system to run inconsistently. Move it to an area away from direct sunlight near the center of your home to make sure the temperature reading is accurate.
Clogged or Dirty Air Filter
Your HVAC system requires proper airflow to keep it running smoothly and prevent it from overheating. It has air filters to catch dust and other debris before it travels throughout your home, and over time it can build up and cause a clog.
A dirty air filter reduces the efficiency of your system, but it’s an easy fix. Take a look at your filters and see if there’s a buildup of dust and other contaminants. If it looks full, you can purchase a new filter and install it yourself. Make sure you get the same size of filter and replace it every 1 to 3 months to keep your system running efficiently.
Low Refrigerant Levels
Your air conditioner uses refrigerant to cool the air before sending it through the vents across your home. If there isn’t enough refrigerant in the system, it can’t get the air as cold as it needs to be. Signs of low refrigerant levels to look out for include lukewarm air from the vents, a hissing sound, and ice buildup in your system.
Refrigerant recharges are a delicate process that requires professional help. It can be harmful if you come in direct contact with the material, and one wrong move could break your entire system. If you suspect the problem has to do with the refrigerant, call a professional HVAC company and let them handle it.
Frozen Evaporator Coil
Ice can build up on the evaporator coil in your air conditioner and prevent proper home cooling. If you notice a buildup of ice, turn off your AC and let it sit. Switch the fan to “on” to bring in some warm air, and gently use a hair dryer to melt the ice. Let the coils fully dry before you switch on the system again, and make sure your system has proper airflow and refrigerant levels.
Blocked or Dirty Condenser/Compressor Coils
Outdoor HVAC systems can get blocked up with dirt and foliage over time. You can keep your system running smoothly by clearing out any debris you see near your unit and making sure no dirt or leaves have snuck inside the unit.
Obstructed Airflow
Poor airflow reduces the efficiency of your system and prevents it from properly heating and cooling your home. Check that your vents and registers are clear of any debris or dust, and make sure the HVAC dampers are adjusted properly. Regular ductwork maintenance can also make sure everything looks good and your ducts are free of any dust or clogs.
Troubleshooting Guide: DIY Fixes Before Calling a Professional
Steps to Fix Your Air Conditioner
- Check the Thermostat: Make sure your thermostat is set to the proper temperature and on the “cool” setting.
- Inspect and Reset the Breaker or Fuse Box: Reset the breaker and check the fuse box to see if your AC is getting enough power.
- Change or Clean the Air Filter: Take a look at the air filter in your unit and replace it if it looks full or clogged. Be sure to find the right size for your system.
- Look for Ice on the AC Unit: Take a peak and see if you find any ice buildup inside your unit. Be sure to defrost it and melt the ice completely before turning the AC on again.
- Clean the Outdoor Unit: If you have an outdoor unit, clear away any leaves, dirt, branches, or other debris that may be blocking air circulation.
- Inspect Refrigerant Lines and Insulation: Check if there’s enough refrigerant in your unit and if it’s properly insulated.
- Ensure Vents and Registers Are Open: Open the vents in your home and make sure the registers are clear of any blockages.
Steps to Fix Your Heater
- Verify the Thermostat Settings: Make sure your thermostat is set to “heat” and the temperature setting is correct.
- Check the Power Source and Reset the System: If both the breaker and fuse box in your home looks good, reset the heater to see if that starts it up.
- Clean or Replace the Air Filter: Replace the air filter in your heater if it’s full of dust to improve airflow and unit efficiency.
- Inspect the Heat Pump for Malfunctions: Check for any cracks or other visible problems that could lead to heater malfunctions.
- Ensure the Gas Supply is On: If you have a gas furnace, make sure the gas supply is on and there’s adequate fuel getting to the unit.
- Look for Pilot Light or Ignition Issues: The pilot light flame should be a vibrant blue; a red or yellow flame could indicate something is wrong. Make sure the ignition is working properly and your furnace is burning correctly.
- Check for Frozen Outdoor Units: If you have an outdoor heat pump, see if parts are frozen and safely defrost them.
When To Reset Your HVAC System
Sometimes, a simple HVAC reset can kickstart your system into working like new. All you need to do is find the reset buttons on your unit and press them. Wait a few minutes before you start the system up again. If that doesn’t seem to work, you can try resetting the circuit breaker in your home to make sure your system is getting enough power. When resetting the unit or the breaker isn’t working, it may be time to contact a local HVAC professional.
Signs You Need Professional Help
You’ve tried all the troubleshooting tricks in the book, and none of them seem to work. Some issues are more complicated than a simple filter change, and in those moments you need professional HVAC help. You may need to call in the professionals if you notice:
- Issues that persist after troubleshooting.
- Loud noises or odors from your unit.
- Signs of a refrigerant leak, such as hissing noises and ice formation.
- Your system frequently turns on and off.
- A sudden increase in your energy bills.
Preventative Maintenance Tips to Avoid Future Issues
No one wants to deal with a broken heater in the middle of winter, but you can help make sure that doesn’t happen. Regular HVAC upkeep can make sure your system is running smoothly and catch minor issues before they turn into serious breakdowns. To help prevent these issues from appearing in the first place, you can:
- Replace your air filters every 1 to 3 months.
- Schedule annual HVAC inspections and maintenance.
- Keep your outdoor unit clear of any debris.
- Check the calibration of your thermostat.
- Schedule a professional air duct or vent cleaning.
Keep Your HVAC System Running Smoothly
Not all heating and cooling problems are created equal. Some simply require a filter change or system reset to keep your home cool in the summer. However, serious issues such as refrigerant leaks and loud banging from your system require a professional furnace and AC repairs to safely address the issue and get your home back up and running again.
If you’re looking for local HVAC professionals, Semper Fi Heating & Cooling is here to help. Our expert technicians know heating and cooling like the back of their hands, and we’re trained to handle any project that comes our way. We’re a veteran-owned and operated company ready to give back to our local community in the Phoenix Metro and Las Vegas areas.